ABSTRACT
A recurrent misdiagnosed case of congenital left renal arteriovenous fistula (RAVF) with multiple left renal arteries and scoliosis was reported. The patient was admitted to hospital on 29 August 2020 due to repeated hematuria for one year. No abnormality was found in two flexible ureteroscope examinations, imaging and laboratory examinations after admission. It was found that the structure of blood vessels in the inferior pole of renal sinus was disordered, and the blood vessels were tortuous and clustered through careful reading of CT enhancement films. The dilated tortuous blood vessels were also seen around the renal pelvis, and hematuria was considered to be caused by renal vascular malformation. In order to confirm the etiology, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of renal artery was performed. DSA showed a congenital left renal RAVF with three renal arteries, and the arteriovenous fistula of renal arteries was embolized. For patients presenting with severe gross hematuria, if tumor, stone, tuberculosis, or coagulation abnormalities were excluded by conventional imaging and/or laboratory examination the possibility of congenital renal vascular malformation should be suspected, and DSA examination should be performed. Endovascular embolization is an effective treatment for congenital RAVF.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of Superfine Cordyceps militarisv Powder on the immune functions of the mice,and to provide basis for improving the utilizable ratio of Cordyceps militaris.Methods:A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into negative control group,low dose (0.166 5 g·kg-1),middle dose (0.333 3 g·kg-1),and high dose (0.999 9 g·kg-1) of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups,and there were 10 mice in each group.The mice in different doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were administered with the Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder for 30 d by intragastric infusion respectively,whereas,the mice in negative control group were administered with the same volume of water for 30 d by intragastric infusion.The body weights,the spleen indexes and thymus indexes of the mice in various groups were measured;the lymphocyte transformation abilities of the mice in various groups were observed by lymphocyte transformation experiment;the levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction of the mice were examined with toe incrassation;the number of antibody forming cells,phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of chicken erythrocytes phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages of the mice were detected.Results:Compared with negative control group,the body weights,the spleen indexes a nd thymus indexes of the mice in different doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups had no significant differences (P>0.05).The lymphocyte transformation abilities of the mice in middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militarisPowder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).The levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction of the mice in middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than those in low dose of Superfine Cordyceps militaris powder group and negative control group(P<0.05).The numbers of antibody forming cells of the mice in low,middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).The phagocytic rates and phagocytic indexes of chicken erythrocytes phagocytized by peritoneal macrophage of the mice in low,middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder can strengthen the immune functions of the mice,and the recommended doses are 0.333 3 and 0.999 9 g·kg-1.